Explore **PhD courses in India**, including **specializations, eligibility criteria, admission process**, and **career opportunities** for doctoral programs.
A **PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)** is the highest academic degree awarded in various fields of study. It focuses on **advanced research, critical thinking**, and **contribution to knowledge** in a chosen discipline.
After completing a **PhD**, graduates have diverse career options in various sectors:
PhD Admission 2025: Fees, Entrance Exams, Dates, Eligibility, Application, Selection
The PhD course admission in India is based on the marks scored in entrance exams such as the Research Entrance Test or other state or university-level entrance exams conducted every year for a PhD degree course. PhD courses extend an opportunity for detailed research on a specific topic and contribute something fresh and insightful to the existing information. There is no fixed syllabus in a PhD course, research scholars have to manage their own project by collaborating with other academic professionals and students for their research findings.
PhD full form is Doctor of Philosophy, with a duration of three to six years. The PhD course admission eligibility is that the students must hold a master's degree in a relevant field and secure at least 55 percent marks in the final examination. The PhD degree admission is based on the marks secured in popular PhD entrance exams such as UGC NET, GPAT, JEST, CSIR NET, GATE, etc., that are conducted every year. One of the most popular entrance examination for PhD Admission is UGC-NET which is conducted twice every year for PhD course admission in India. These entrance exams are usually followed by a personal interview wherein candidates have to present their research proposal on which they plan to work on during the course duration. PhD is basically a research programme in the field of Engineering, Management, Law, Sciences, Humanities, Commerce, Social Sciences, Mass Communication, Pharmacy, etc. Some of the best PhD colleges in India include IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, NIT Trichy, VIT Vellore, Amity University, Delhi Technological University, Lovely Professional University, NIT Surathkal, etc. The average PhD course fees is around INR 6 lakh.
Interested students can continue reading this article for further PhD admission eligibility details.
The PhD admission process in India can vary slightly between different institutions and fields of study, but the general steps involved are as follows:
Admission to a PhD program is usually based on the marks obtained in entrance exams and the applicant's academic qualifications:
Some popular entrance exams for PhD admission include UGC NET, GPAT, JEST, CSIR NET, GATE, IIT JAM, and NPAT. UGC NET is one of the most popular exams and is conducted twice a year. br> Academic qualifications
Applicants typically need a master's degree or an MPhil with a minimum aggregate score of 55%. Some universities may offer a 5% relaxation for candidates from reserved categories. br>The admission process for PhD programs may vary from institution to institution. For example, at IGNOU, application forms for the 2024 academic year were released in November 2023, and the entrance exam was scheduled for January 2024.
After admission, PhD students must present and defend their research before a panel of experts in a thesis defense
• Students must look for universities and research institutions that align with their research interests and offer PhD programs in their desired field. .The PhD admission eligibility may be different on the basis of specific institution requirements. However, the minimum eligibility criteria that every aspirant is expected to fulfil includes:
• Completion of Master's degree in a relevant field from a recognized institute.
• Secure a minimum of 50-55% aggregate score in the degree program.
Note: The information is sourced from external sites and may vary
The admission to PhD courses is mostly based on the entrance exam scores such that of GATE, UGC NET, CSIR NET, etc. Aspiring students may find out the entrance exams for PhD admission at various colleges and universities in the table given below:
| Exam |
Exam Dates |
Exam Schedule |
|---|---|---|
| GATE |
01 Feb '25 - 02 Feb '25 15 Feb '25 - 16 Feb '25 |
|
| UGC NET |
01 Jan'25 - 19 Jan'25 |
|
| CSIR NET |
16 Feb'25 - 28 Feb'25 |
|
| JEST |
March 2025 (Tentative) |
|
| GPAT |
June 2025 (Tentative) |
Note- This information is sourced from the official website of the institute/exam.
Relevant Links for PhD Entrance Exams:
CSIR NET Exam Pattern 2024: Subject-wise Pattern & Negative Marking
UGC NET Preparation Tips 2024, Toppers Strategy & Guide
How to Prepare for GATE 2025 Exam? - Check Preparation Tips, Strategy & Guide
The exam syllabus for some of the popular PhD entrance exams in India that candidates can opt for to get admission in top PhD colleges is given in the table below. It is extremely important for the students to go through the syllabus thoroughly in order to prepare well and score good marks.
| Entrance Exam |
Details |
|---|---|
| There are 5 five sections in GPAT 2024 exam namely Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Allied Subjects, Pharmaceutics & Allied Subjects, Pharmacognosy & Allied Subjects, Pharmacology & Allied Subjects, and other subjects. Candidates will get overall 180 minutes (3 hours) to attempt the questions in the exam. |
|
| CSIR NET | The syllabus for CSIR NET generally includes the following subjects: Physical Sciences: Mathematical Methods of Physics Classical Mechanics, Electromagnetic Theory, Quantum Mechanics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Electronics and Experimental Methods. |
| The UGC NET syllabus is divided into two sections that is Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1 is common for all the candidates for any subject whereas the Paper 2 exam is subject specific which comprises the questions from the subject that the candidates opt to appear for the exam. The list of topics that is asked in the UGC NET Paper 1 exam has been given below for the candidates: a)Teaching Aptitude b) Research Aptitude c) Maths d) Reasoning e) Communication f) Data Interpretation g) Environmental Studies, etc. |
|
| The syllabus for GATE varies across various disciplines and topics such as Verbal Ability and Numerical Ability are the common topics for all papers. Moreover, the syllabus for various specialisations is of graduation-level and candidates ability to solve reasoning and numerical questions are also tested through this examination. |
If students are looking for quick preparation tips for PhD admission in 2025, here are a few suggestions:
1. Be familiar with the syllabus: Take a look at the syllabus for the entrance exams one will be taking. This will give students an idea of the topics they need to focus on.
2. Practice previous year question papers: Solving previous year question papers can help understand the exam pattern and get familiar with the types of questions asked.
3.Time management: Create a study schedule that allows one to cover all the subjects and topics within the given time frame. This will help students to stay organized and ensure that they have enough time to revise.
4.Seek guidance: If students are finding certain topics challenging, never hesitate to seek guidance from teachers, mentors, or online resources. They can provide them with additional explanations and tips.
5.Mock tests: Take regular mock tests to assess individual preparation level and identify areas where one needs improvement. This will also help students get comfortable with the exam environment.
6.Stay updated: Stay updated with the latest developments in the research field. This can be done through reading relevant books, articles, and industry publications.
When students shortlist colleges to pursue PhD courses, they have to consider different factors such asbranches, entrance exam scores, location, annual fees as well as placement packages. It becomes easier to shortlist colleges when students can decide which entrance exam to appear for applying at their top ranked PhD colleges in the country.
Click on the links below to find popular PhD colleges in India as per the entrance exams score acceptance:
PhD Admissions are generally conducted for Spring and Autumn Semesters. Spring Cycle generally begins in the month of January and admissions are completed withing June. Autumn Session admissions begin during July and conclude by the month of December. Therefore candidates must pay attention to the dates and regularly visit the websites in order to stay aware of the admission cycle.
In most of the universities admissions are conducted either on the basis of UGC NET/JRF scores or Research Entrance Test. Candidates who possess valid UGC NET/JRF scores can directly give interview and present their proposal. Many colleges also offer PhD Admissions only to candidates who have cleared JRF. Therefore, candidates must pay special attention to these requirements. The table below provides information related to current PhD Admission details:
| Name of College |
Tuition Fees |
Course Details |
|---|---|---|
| NIT Rourkela |
INR 1.29 lakh |
|
| NIT Trichy |
INR 45,000 |
|
| NIT Calicut |
NA |
|
| IIT Madras |
INR 15,000 |
|
| IIT Bombay |
INR 75,000 - 9.43 lakh |
|
| Jadavpur University |
INR 4,800 - 1.12 L |
|
| Jamia Millia Islamia |
INR 31,810 |
Note-This information is sourced from the official website/ counselling body and may vary.
Various private universities offer PhD courses in various disciplines and also offer decent stipends to PhD scholars. Most of these universities conduct their own Research Entrance Test as well as offer admission to those who have already cleared any fellowship entrance examination. The PhD admission details in various private universities are given in the table below:
| Name of College |
Tuition Fees |
Course Details |
|---|---|---|
| VIT Vellore |
INR 1 lakh - 1.6 lakh |
|
| LPU - Lovely Professional University |
INR 3 lakh |
|
| BITS Pilani - Birla Institute of Technology and Science |
INR 78,600 - 1.6 lakh |
|
| Thapar University |
INR 2.15 lakh |
|
| Amity University, Noida |
INR 3 lakh - 3.02 lakh |
|
| Chandigarh University (CU) |
INR 2.4 lakh - 5.65 lakh |
|
| SASTRA |
NA |
Note- This information is sourced from the official website/ counselling body and may vary.
Q. What are the steps in PhD Admission process?
A. Aspirants must complete the following steps in order to be admitted to the educational institution's PhD or research programs:
Q. How to prepare for top PhD entrance exams?
A. Knowing the test pattern and curriculum properly is the first step in an efficient exam preparation strategy. Generally there are two papers in any PhD entrance exam: Paper 1 and Paper 2. Candidates must show up for both exams in a single three-hour session. Paper 2 is made up of subject-specific questions, while Paper 1 tests applicants' abilities to teach and conduct research. The syllabus familiarizes you with the key subjects on which exam questions may be based.
Q. What are the popular entrance exams for admission to PhD courses?
A. Students must be entirely aware of the requirements and acceptable exam scores for a college before submitting an application for admission to that college for PhD course. Aspirants should learn which entrance examinations score is accepted in their desired university. They must try to clear UGC NET/JRF or any other fellowship entrance examination in order to secure fellowship stipend during their PhD program. They must also pay attention to the research facilities in their desired university and also consider faculties who possess research experience in relevant field. They should pay close attention to the course options and tuition prices.
There are various PhD entrance examinations which are conducted in order to secure admission across government and private universities and candidates must pay thorough attention to their admission cycle.
Q. Where to find entrance exams syllabus for PhD?
A. The syllabus for PhD admission exams is remarkably similar, and questions are based on a variety of subjects covered throughout the postgraduation study. Candidates must also prepare for both the papers, wherein Paper 1 relates to Research Methodology and Paper 2 relates to the subject-specific knowledge. Therefore candidates must strive to score decent marks in both papers in order to clear the Research Entrance Test or any fellowship examination. The table provides brief description on the popular PhD entrance exams syllabus:
| PhD Exams | PhD Entrance Exams Syllabus |
|---|---|
| CSIR NET | Part A consists of Reasoning, Quantitative Aptitude and Data Interpretation & Graphical Analysis.The General Aptitude section of the CSIR NET Part-A tests applicants' general awareness, reasoning ability, comprehension abilities, and teaching/research aptitude. The disciplines chosen by candidates from the following five categories—Earth Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, and Physical Sciences—are the basis for the questions in Paper B and Part C. |
| UGC NET | Paper 1 consists of topics such as Teaching Aptitude, Research Aptitude, Comprehension, Communication, Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude, Logical Reasoning, Data Interpretation, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), People, Development and Environment and Higher Education System. |
| JEST | The syllabus generally covers the following topics:Mechanical Methods, Classical Mechanics, Electromagnetism and Optics, Quantum Mechanics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics and Electronics |
Q. What is the fees structure of top 10 colleges offer PhD?
A.Students can have a look at the table below to know the fees for PhD course in some top Colleges in India. It is to be understood that the number of seats offered for PhD varies every year as per the availability.
| Colleges | Fees |
|---|---|
| Indian Institute of Science | 48 K - 50.4 K |
| Jamia Millia Islamia | 5.7 K - 31.81 K |
| Banaras Hindu University | 4.5 K - 88.44 K |
| Aligarh Muslim University | 35.52 K |
| University of Hyderabad | 14 K - 55.95 K |
| University of Pune | 7 K - 4.13 L |
| Bharathiar University | 13.86 K - 21.5 K |
| Institute of Chemical Technology | 2.96 L |
| KL Deemed University | 2.4 L |
Q. Why should we enroll for a PhD Admission?
A. Candidates will have the chance to learn from top authorities in your field and carry out unique research while enrolled in a PhD program. They will gain the expertise you need to significantly advance your field as a result of this.They will learn how to conduct rigorous research and analyze data in a PhD program. These abilities will be useful in any field, but individuals who desire to work in academics or research should pay particular attention to developing them. A PhD is a highly sought-after degree in the job market nowadays. They may have an advantage over other applicants when applying for positions in academia, research, and other professions. They will have the chance to interact and network with other students, instructors, and experts in your field if you enroll in a PhD program. Their career will benefit greatly from this network because it will enable you to locate employment, obtain guidance, and participate on research projects.
Q. Can I do PhD without entrance and apply for PhD Admission?
A. No, you must take an entrance exam in order to pursue a PhD. Before being accepted into a PhD program, the majority of universities and colleges require applicants to take an entrance exam. The goal of the entrance exam is to evaluate the applicant's research skills and subject-matter expertise. A few situations constitute an exception to this rule. For candidates who have a high CGPA or an impressive research portfolio, several colleges may remove the entrance exam requirement. These exceptions are uncommon, though.
Q. When will the GATE 2025 registration start?
A. IIT Roorkee has REVISED the GATE 2025 application form dates. As per the revised schedule, GATE 2025 registration will start on 28 August, 2024. The last date for GATE 2025 registration is 26 September with regular fees. Candidates will be able to submit the GATE 2025 application form with late fees until October 7, 2025. Candidates can complete information by clicking on the given link: GATE 2025 Application form
Q. Can I finish my PhD in four years?
A. There is a possibility that a student can finish his/her PhD in four years, but that completely depends on the chosen degree and institute.Some fields, like engineering, may have a more defined path and resources, making it easier to finish in four years. Others, like humanities, can be more flexible and research-driven, potentially taking longer.
Q. Is GATE required for PhD in IIT Bombay?
A. GATE is one of the entrance exams for PhD admission. However, aspirants can also get admission in PhD based on UGC NET or written test conducted by the institute. The shortlisted candidates are called for a personal interview round for final selection. Along with GATE score, candidates also need to fulfil the eligibiltiy requirements. Aspirants must complete Bachelor or Masters or equivalent degree in Engineering/ Technology or master's or equivalent degree in Science or Arts/ Commerce with a minimum of 60% aggregate (55% aggregate for SC/ ST/ PwD category) for PhD admission.
Q. Is qualifying UGC NET exam compulsory for PhD?
A. The UGC NET exam is not compulsory for pursuing a Ph.D. in India. However, it is important to note that many universities and research institutions in India consider UGC NET or similar exams such as CSIR NET as a qualifying criteria for admission to their Ph.D. programs. In addition, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has made it mandatory for Ph.D. candidates to have qualified in the UGC NET or similar exam to be eligible for a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) or a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) during their Ph.D. programme.
Therefore, while qualifying the UGC NET exam is not mandatory for pursuing a Ph.D. it can be beneficial for candidates who wish to pursue research as a career, as it can increase their chances of getting admission to top universities and research institutions. Additionally, qualifying the UGC NET exam can also make candidates eligible for various fellowship programs offered by the government of India to support their research.
MD full form is Doctor of Medicine and MBBS full form is (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery). In India, both MD and MBBS are medical degrees, but they represent different stages of medical education and training.
MBBS is a 5.5-years undergraduate degree course that candidates can pursue after completing Class 12 (Science stream) and typically includes a one-year internship. On the other hand, MD is a 3-year postgraduate degree course that can be pursued after MBBS degree.
MBBS is the foundational medical degree in India, after which, candidates are eligible to practice as general physicians. MD, however, is a specialised PG course that allows doctors to gain expertise in a particular medical field. Many doctors pursue MD to become specialists in a specific area of medicine and offer advanced healthcare services to patients.
Candidates who wish to know the difference between MD and MBBS can look at the table below to know the key highlights of both the courses such as course level, duration, average fees, entrance exams, admission process, job profiles, average salary, etc.
| Parameters |
MBBS |
MD |
|---|---|---|
| Course Level |
UG |
PG |
| Course Duration |
5.5 years |
3 years |
| Course Fee |
Government Colleges - INR 6,100 to INR 1.1 Crore Private Colleges - INR 14,000 to INR 1 crore |
Government Colleges - INR 2,000 to INR 2 Lakh Private Colleges - INR 1,000 to 81 Lakh |
| Admission Process |
Entrance-based |
Entrance-based |
| Entrance Exam |
||
| Popular Colleges |
AIIMS Delhi, Christian Medical College Vellore, Banaras Hindu University, JIPMER Puducherry, etc. |
AIIMS Jodhpur, AIIMS Delhi, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, JIPMER Puducherry |
| Job Profiles |
Medical Surgeon, Medical officers, Paediatrician, General Physician, Medical Assistant (Surgery), etc. |
Dermatologist, Nutritionist, Pediatrician, Pathologist, etc. |
| Average Salary |
INR 6 LPA |
INR 8.6 LPA |
| Top Recruiters |
Medicine, General Surgery, Cardiology, Paediatrics, Oncology, Nephrology, etc. |
Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Medanta- The Medicity, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, etc. |
The student must qualify in NEET for admission in MBBS , MD , MS. After qualifying for the NEET exam, students must appear for counseling.
There are some other exams as AIIMS, JIPMER for medical college admission. Students can also appear for the entrance examination for seven AIIMS.
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